So, you’ve decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac’s performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we’ll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.
The installation instructions included in this page are not meant to be comprehensive and represent only one of the many ways of getting ns-3 to build in a Snow Leopard Mac OS X system (note: also works for OS X Lion). Commands should be run from a Terminal window.
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We’ll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it’s good to know the basic macOS timeline.
Cheetah 10.0 | Puma 10.1 | Jaguar 10.2 |
Panther 10.3 | Tiger 10.4 | Leopard 10.5 |
Snow Leopard 10.6 | Lion 10.7 | Mountain Lion 10.8 |
Mavericks 10.9 | Yosemite 10.10 | El Capitan 10.11 |
Sierra 10.12 | High Sierra 10.13 | Mojave 10.14 |
Catalina 10.15 |
Given your Mac isn’t new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have “fuel” to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.
Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:
Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren’t comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic “room cleaners”. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it’s most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)
Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That’s why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.
If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you’ll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn’t always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:
This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.
If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.
Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.
You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.
Buy a boxed edition of Snow Leopard 10.6
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8
The email edition comes with a special download code you can use for the Mac App Store. Note, that to install the Lion or Mountain Lion, your Mac needs to be running Snow Leopard so you can install the newer OS on top of it.
If you are wondering if you can run El Capitan on an older Mac, rejoice as it’s possible too. But before your Mac can run El Capitan it has to be updated to OS X 10.6.8. So, here are main steps you should take:
1. Install Snow Leopard from install DVD.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.
If you have a newer Mac, there is no physical option to install Mac OS versions older than your current Mac model. For instance, if your MacBook was released in 2014, don’t expect it to run any OS released prior of that time, because older Apple OS versions simply do not include hardware drivers for your Mac.
But as it often happens, workarounds are possible. There is still a chance to download the installation file if you have an access to a Mac (or virtual machine) running that operating system. For example, to get an installer for Lion, you may ask a friend who has Lion-operated Mac or, once again, set up a virtual machine running Lion. Then you will need to prepare an external drive to download the installation file using OS X Utilities.
After you’ve completed the download, the installer should launch automatically, but you can click Cancel and copy the file you need. Below is the detailed instruction how to do it.
The following method allows you to download Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks.
Now the OS should start downloading automatically onto the external drive. After the download is complete, your Mac will prompt you to do a restart, but at this point, you should completely shut it down. Now that the installation file is “captured” onto your external drive, you can reinstall the OS, this time running the file on your Mac.
Locate InstallESD.dmg disk image file — this is the file you need to reinstall Lion OS X. The same steps are valid for Mountain Lion and Mavericks.
If your Mac runs macOS Sierra 10.12 or macOS High Sierra 10.13, it is possible to revert it to the previous system if you are not satisfied with the experience. You can do it either with Time Machine or by creating a bootable USB or external drive.
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS High Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Mojave
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Catalina
Before you do it, the best advice is to back your Mac up so your most important files stay intact. In addition to that, it makes sense to clean up your Mac from old system junk files and application leftovers. The easiest way to do it is to run CleanMyMac X on your machine (download it for free here).
If none of the options to get older OS X worked, pay a visit to nearest local Apple Store. They should have image installations going back to OS Leopard and earlier. You can also ask their assistance to create a bootable USB drive with the installation file. So here you are. We hope this article has helped you to download an old version of Mac OS X. Below are a few more links you may find interesting.
MDSplus now supports the Macintosh platform. After installing a few prerequisite packages on your Macintosh operating system you should be able to install an MDSplus package downloaded from this page. Go back to downloads page.
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There are currently 3 different release levels of MDSplus:
Release Level | Description |
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Stable | Updates occur less frequently. New features added only after significant testing by sites running alpha versions. Bug fixes applied as needed. |
Alpha | Updates occur whenever a change to an MDSplus source module. Reflects the CVS head in the repository. |
Currently there is one all encompassing MDSplus package which installs all the supported functions provided in the MDSplus software.
Prior to installing MDSplus you will need to install a few additional packages required for MDSplus to operate. Even if you do not intend to use all of the MDSplus applications, some of the MDSplus internals may be linked to libraries in these prerequisite packages which would prevent them from loading if those packages were not installed. The following table lists the packages required and provides links to download sites where you can find them. Should these links become stale you can either search the web for these packages or post a note to the MDSplus mailing list and the developers will attempt to update the information on this page.
Name | Location | Directions |
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OpenMotif | OpenMotif Downloads | Download the dmg file from the 2nd link, and run the installer package from the disk image. Note: the 10.5 package appears to work for 10.6.
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XCode Command Line Tools | Mac OS-X 10.6-Xcode 3.2.2 Mac OS-X 10.7+ Get Xcode 4.x from App Store | OS X 10.6 - download and install xcode 3.2.2 OS X 10.7+ nstall Xcode 4.x from the Mac App Store. Start Xcode and from File->Preferences downloads tab install the command line tools.
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FreeTDS | FreeTDS Home Page | Download the tarball from the 'stable release' link on the upper right. Use finder to navigate to the downloaded file, and double click it to expand it to a folder. With a terminal, cd to the expanded directory (~/Downloads/freetds-X.YY). Configure by typing ./configure. Build by typing make. Install by typing sudo make install. Note: you will have to provide your password for the sudo commmand. |
Xquartz - OS-X 10.8 | Xquartz installation | on Mac OS-X 10.8 Mountain Lion, an X-11 server is not included. In order to run the X-Windows based MDSplus applications (traverser, dwscope, dwscope-remote) you will need to install XQuartz. |
Java run time environment | On OS-X 10.8 Mountain Lion, the first time a java application is run (jScope, jTraverser) the system will prompt to install the Java SE runtime environment. This is required to run these applications. |
Xcode version 5 no longer ships with cvs. if you need cvs get it from: [1], You will have to download, and make. make install will not work (it is looking for /tmp/cvs/Debug) which does not exist. Copy the executable from /tmp/cvs/Build/src to /usr/local bin.
Choose the type of installation you want to perform and select the pkg file from one of the three tables below. Click on the pkg to download it on your Macintosh and your browser should bring up the installer application to complete the installation. If your browser does not automatically activate the installer application you can either find the pkg file with the Finder and click on it or use a terminal window and type the following command to install it:
The last alpha installer built on OSX Mountain Lion can be found here:MDSplus-alpha-7-12-1.osx.pkg
Releases higher than MDSplus-alpha-7-12-1 are now being built on OSX Sierra and may not be downward compatible with earlier OSX versions.
MDSplus provides a TCP based network interface which lets you serve your data to remote MDSplus users. To control access there is a file called /etc/mdsip.hosts which contains information which specifies the mapping of remote connection requests to local user accounts. Note this is an absolute path, and that the MDS installer does not create these files and that you should copy it from /usr/local/mdsplus/etc/mdsip.hosts. This file should contain lines of the format:
where the remote-user-connection-string for unencrypted mdsip would be something like remote-username@remote-hostname. This connection string can contain wildcards. For example, one could specify *@*.mydomain.org to match any user connecting from a host in the mydomain.org domain. Each asterisk in the connection string will match zero or more arbitrary characters. A percent character will match any single character. You can use either host names or ipv4 addresses. When a connection is first made, the connection string is checked for a match in the mdsip.hosts file starting from the top. Match checking stops when the first match has been found. There is also a special MAP_TO_LOCAL keyword that can be used instead of a specific local-account name. This will attempted to map the incoming connection to the same account name as the remote user account name. If you place an exclamation mark as the first character in a line, a match on the incoming connection string will result in the connection being denied. Lines beginning with # will be treated as comments and will be ignored.
--TIDBITS REGARDING /etc/mdsip.hosts ----The usual 2 lines in/etc/mdsip.hosts are:
Here is an example that confused us for a while, where '* | nobody' failed to allow a remote connection to the server. So make sure the permissions allow read (and write permissions to the shotid.sys file which contains the latest shot number if you want to increment the shot number). Apparently a line like
works fine, providing mds_user is a user on the server, and mds_user has read and write permissions to the data directory and files in it. The user 'nobody' is a special operating system user that evidently is not good enough for this?
Once you have configured the /etc/mdsip.hosts file you can turn on the MDSplus service by issuing the following command:
During the MDSplus installation procedure the /etc/profile and /etc/bash.login scripts were modified to invoke the either the /usr/local/mdsplus/setup.sh script or the /usr/local/mdsplus/setup.csh script. These scripts define environment variables used by MDSplus to tell applications where to find the MDSplus libraries, tdi script files and MDSplus data files (trees). To add your own tree path definitions you can create a file called /usr/local/mdsplus/local/envsyms containing tree path definitions. This file should contain lines such as:
For example if you want to put MDSplus trees called mytree in the directory /mdsplus/trees/mytree you would include a line such as:
If you want to access a mytree tree stored on another system running an mdsip data server you might instead have a line such as:
Once you have configured your environment variables using the /usr/local/mdsplus/local/envsyms file you can make these environment variables accessible from desktop Apps system-wide by issuing the following command:
If you don't want to make system-wide definitions, a user could issue the following command to establish his own App environment definitions:
You may need to reboot for the launchd.conf changes to work
Note that which ever launchd configuration file you decide to create you will need to update that file every time changes are made to the envsyms configuration. The mdsplus_launchconfig script generates setenv commands for the launcher to use when invoking desktop applications. If you rerun the command appending to the launchd configuration file you might want to edit the resulting configuration file and remove duplicate or excess setenv commands.
The IDL language is a commercial data analysis language, similar to Matlab, Otave and SciLab. In order to use MDSplus with it, first install and license the software.
Note: The MDSplus interface will not work with IDL when IDL is running in unlicensed 'demo' mode.
To use the MDSplus interface the environment variables defined in envsyms by the installation must be 'installed'.
Once you have configured your environment variables using the /usr/local/mdsplus/local/envsyms file you can make these environment variables accessible from desktop Apps system-wide by issuing the following command:
If you don't want to make system-wide definitions, a user could issue the following command to establish his own App environment definitions:
You may need to reboot for the launchd.conf changes to work
Note that which ever launchd configuration file you decide to create you will need to update that file every time changes are made to the envsyms configuration. The mdsplus_launchconfig script generates setenv commands for the launcher to use when invoking desktop applications. If you rerun the command appending to the launchd configuration file you might want to edit the resulting configuration file and remove duplicate or excess setenv commands.
To test fire up idl and try the following commands:
Matlab is a commercial data analysis language, similar to Excelis IDL , Otave and SciLab. In order to use MDSplus with it, first install and license the software.
To use the MDSplus matlab interface the environment variables defined in envsyms by the MDSplus installation procedure must be 'installed'.
Once you have configured your environment variables using the /usr/local/mdsplus/local/envsyms file you can make these environment variables accessible from desktop Apps system-wide by issuing the following command:
If you don't want to make system-wide definitions, a user could issue the following command to establish his own App environment definitions:
You may need to reboot for the launchd.conf changes to work
Note that which ever launchd configuration file you decide to create you will need to update that file every time changes are made to the envsyms configuration. The mdsplus_launchconfig script generates setenv commands for the launcher to use when invoking desktop applications. If you rerun the command appending to the launchd configuration file you might want to edit the resulting configuration file and remove duplicate or excess setenv commands.
With the correct environment you can setup MATLAB following the general guide.
MATLAB should now have access to the MDSplus java classes (or use the Python bridge). Given a local tree called test with a numeric node 'status' and a text node 'txt'. First import the classes and open the tree:
Then get the node 'status', retrieve its data and convert it to a native matlab array:
Next retrieve the node called 'txt' and read its' data:
Finally construct some 2 dimensional data using the matlab magic square function, write it to the status node, read it back, and convert it to a native matlab array.